Table 3
Table 3. Details of host-range testing conducted on Leptoypha hospita in the USA with plants in the Oleaceae. Results for Forestiera are included although, to our knowledge, this is absent from NZ. Comparisons are in relation to L. sinense controls (e.g. an oviposition of 10.5% indicates that the number of eggs laid on a test plant was 10.5% of the number that were laid on L. sinense controls). Fundamental host = a species on which Leptoypha hospita could development from egg to adult in no-choice tests, which may or may not be utilised as a host in natural field conditions. Realised host = a plant species which is utilised in the field
| Oleaceae genus | Tribe (subtribe) | Species tested | Result no-choice test | Result choice test | Notes |
| Fontanesia | Fontanseiae | F. fortunei | No adult feeding | Not required | Not a host |
| No oviposition | |||||
| No development (egg to adult) | |||||
| Forsythia | Forsythiae | F. × intermedia | No adult feeding | Not required | Not a host |
| No oviposition | |||||
| No development (egg to adult) | |||||
| Jasminum | Jasminiae | J. nudiflorum | Minor adult feeding (13.5%) | Not required | Not a host |
| Minor oviposition (10.5%) | |||||
| No development (egg to adult) | |||||
| Syringa | Oleeae (Ligustrinae) | S. patula | Similar adult feeding (105%) | Not done | Fundamental host, no-choice tests indicates it is a poor host, but there may be a risk of spill-over attack. |
| Lower oviposition (27.2%) | |||||
| Lower development (egg to adult; 29.2%) | |||||
| S. meyeri | Lower adult feeding (22.8%) | Very low feeding (0.2%) | Fundamental host, but low development in no-choice test and lack of oviposition in choice-test indicates it is unlikely to be attractive to L. hospita in field conditions | ||
| Lower oviposition (21.5%) | |||||
| Lower development (egg to adult; 29.1 %) | No oviposition | ||||
| S. oblata | Lower adult feeding (18.1%) | Not done | Fundamental host, no-choice tests indicates it is a poor host, but there may be a risk of spill-over attack. | ||
| Similar oviposition (69.7%) | |||||
| Lower development (egg to adult; 22.6 %) | |||||
| S. vulgaris | Low adult feeding (9.4%) | Not done | Fundamental host, no-choice tests indicates it is a poor host, but there may be a risk of spill-over attack. | ||
| Similar oviposition (51.3%) | |||||
| Lower development (egg to adult; 11.9 %) | |||||
| Ligustrum | Oleeae (Ligustrinae) | L. japonicum | Lower adult feeding (41.1%) | Lower feeding (10.4%) | Low development in no-choice tests indicates it is unlikely to be a good field host |
| Lower oviposition (19.6%) | |||||
| Very low development (egg to adult; 2.1%) | Low oviposition (7.2%) | ||||
| L. vulgare | Similar feeding (70.6%) | Lower feeding (56.1%) | Likely field host, but clear preference for L. sinense | ||
| Similar oviposition (78.7%) | |||||
| Similar development (egg to adult; 142%) | Lower oviposition (39.4%) | ||||
| Fraxinus | Oleeae (Fraxininae) | F. pennsylvanica | Minor adult feeding (15.2%) | Very low adult feeding (4.8%) | Fundamental host, but low oviposition in both tests indicated this is unlikely to be a realised host. |
| No oviposition | |||||
| Very low development (egg to adult; 1.1%) | Very low oviposition (0.4%) | ||||
| F. nigra | Lower adult feeding (48.3%) | Lower low adult feeding (15.3%). | Fundamental host, but low oviposition and development (egg to adult) indicates that it is a sub-optimal host. | ||
| Low oviposition (6.6%) | |||||
| Lower development (egg to adult; 10.3%) | Low oviposition (5.1%) | ||||
| F. americana | Lower adult feeding (11.4%) | Low adult feeding (9.8%) | Not a host | ||
| No oviposition | |||||
| No development (egg to adult) | No oviposition. | ||||
| F. caroliniana | Lower adult feeding (45%) | Low adult feeding (6.3%) | Not a host | ||
| No oviposition | |||||
| No development (egg to adult) | Very low oviposition (2.5%). | ||||
| F. profunda | Very low adult feeding (4.6%) | Not a host | |||
| Very low oviposition (1.9%) | |||||
| No development (egg to adult) | |||||
| F. quadrangulata | Very low adult feeding (0.4%) | Not a host | |||
| Lower oviposition (14.4%) | |||||
| No development (egg to adult) | |||||
| Chionanthus | Oleeae (Oleinae) | C. virginicus | Lower adult feeding (29.4%) | Very low adult feeding (4.4%) | Fundamental host. No-choice test indicates that it is a poor host and the choice test indicates L. hospita is unlikely to be attracted to C. virginicus in natural situations |
| Lower oviposition (29%) | |||||
| Lower development (egg to adult; 17.6%) | Very low oviposition (0.4%) | ||||
| C. pygmaeus | Lower adult feeding (37.2%) | Fundamental host. No-choice test indicates that it is a very poor host. | |||
| Lower oviposition (16.4%). | |||||
| Very low development (egg to adult; 2%) | |||||
| Forestiera | Oleeae (Oleinae) | F. acuminata | Greater adult feeding (207%) | Low adult feeding (10.4%) | Fundamental host. Low number of newly emerged adults indicates it is a relatively poor host and choice tests indicate a preference for Ligustrum, but spill over non-target attack is possible. |
| Similar oviposition (110%) | |||||
| Fewer newly emerged adults (28%) | Low oviposition (16.3%) | ||||
| F. godfreyi | No adult feeding | Not a host | |||
| Few eggs (11%) | |||||
| No newly emerged adults | |||||
| F. neomexicana | Similar adult feeding | Very low adult feeding (4.6%) | Fundamental host. Reduced attack in choice tests indicates it is not as attractive to L. hospita as Ligustrum, but spill-over non-target attack is possible. | ||
| Similar oviposition | |||||
| Similar newly emerged adults | Low oviposition (23.1%) | ||||
| F. segregata | Lower adult feeding (26.7%) | Low adult feeding (8%) | Fundamental host. Low number of newly emerged adults in the no-choice test indicates it is a poor host and low adult feeding and oviposition in choice tests indicates it is not as attractive to L. hospita as Ligustrum, but spill over non-target attack is possible | ||
| Fewer eggs (49.5%) | |||||
| Few newly emerged adults (8.9%) | Low oviposition (17.1%) | ||||
| Olea | Oleeae (Oleinae) | O. europaeus | Very low adult feeding (3.8%) | Very low feeding (0.3%) | Not a host |
| No oviposition. | |||||
| No development (egg to adult) | Very low oviposition (0.4%) | ||||
| Osmanthus | Oleeae (Oleinae) | O. americanus | No adult feeding | Not required | Not a host |
| No oviposition | |||||
| No development (egg to adult) |