Popular summary: Māori
Hoare, R.J.B. 2019. Noctuinae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Part 2, Nivetica, Ichneutica. 80, 455 pages.
(
ISSN 0111-5383 (print),
ISSN 1179-7193 (online)
;
no.
80.
ISBN 978-0-947525-67-5 (print),
ISBN 978-0-947525-68-2 (online)
).
Published 9 December 2019
ZooBank: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:371D4628-CC5F-4B1B-9E4B-B37563F04A34
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7931/J2/FNZ.80
Te Pēpepe Owlet
Ko te whānau Noctuidae tētahi o ngā whānau pēpepe nui katoa i te ao, kei tōna 12,000 nei ōna momo e mōhiotia ana. Ko ngā pēpepe o tēnei karangatanga ka kīia i ōna wā he 'owlet', nā tā rātou haere pō me ngā tauira kirihuna i ō rātou parirau, me te karu te rite o te nuinga. Ko te nuinga o ngā noctuid he ruarangi tonu, he āhua rahi ētahi, ko ētahi he rahi tonu, ka mutu he kaha, he tere te rere; ko ētahi momo he pēpepe heke, ka rere ki tawhiti tonu ki te kimi wāhi whakaputa uri. Ka kimi kai rātou i ngā momo putiputi maha tonu, ka mutu e mōhiotia ana tō rātou pai ki te kawe hae. Pērā i ētahi atu pēpepe 'owlet', ka whānauhia atu ā rātou hua ki te tipu ora, kia pai ai te kai a te anuhe i te rau, i te pua, i te hua rānei, ko ētahi atu momo ka whānauhia atu ngā hua ki roto rawa i te tā o te tipu. Ko ngā anuhe a ētahi momo owlet maha tonu e āhei ana ki te kai i ētahi momo tipu nui tonu, me te noho anō ki te whakararu i te ao ahuwhenua, me te ao whakatipu kai. Tērā anō hoki ētahi momo e whāiti mai ana ki ētahi wāhi motuhake, ki ētahi tipu motuhake, ka mutu he momo kāore e whānui te kitea. Kāore e mōhiotia ana te āhua o te anuhe me ngā kai a ētahi momo o te pēpepe nei, ko ngā momo noho whenua pāruru ēnei. Kāore i maha ngā momo Noctuidae kei Aotearoa nei, kei tōna 160 pea e mōhiotia ana, engari ko te nuinga o ēnei (āhua 140 momo) nō Aotearoa taketake ake, arā kāore e kitea i whenua kē. Kei te piki haere te nui o ngā momo nō whenua kē kua rarau te noho ki konei, e heke mai ana rānei ki konei. Ahakoa te noho hira o te pēpepe Noctuidae i Aotearoa nei, kāore anō i āta mātaitia, ka mutu kāore anō i tapaina tētahi 10% o ngā momo e mōhiotia ana ki tētahi ingoa pūtaiao. Ko ētahi momo kāore e tino mōhiotia ana, kāore hoki e taea ētahi momo te āta tohu i te tāupe o ngā tae me ngā tauira i ngā parirau.
Ko tēnei pukapuka te wāhanga tuarua o tētahi titiro hou nui tonu ki ngā noctuid o Aotearoa. Ka kōrerohia ngā momo e 87 o te puninga Ichneutica; 19 ngā momo e whakaahuatia ana i konei, e hou ana ki te ao pūtaiao. Nā tēnei tautuhinga whānui ake o ngāi Ichneutica, kua noho ko ia te puninga nui katoa e mōhiotia ana o ngā Lepidoptera i Aotearoa. Kei te whakaahuatia hoki tētahi puninga hou, a Nivetica, mō te wāhi ki tētahi momo motuhake pakupaku, noho maunga, ko N. nervosa te ingoa; i noho mai tērā i mua ki ngā Ichneutica. Ko ngā torongū o te nuinga o ngā momo Ichneutica, he kai i ngā tipu māotaota popoto; arā ētahi momo ka kai i ngā pātītī, ngā wīwī, tae atu ki ngā kamu me ngā momo pūreirei. Ko te nuinga o ngā momo, kāore e noho whāiti ki tētahi tipu kotahi, engari he maha ngā momo ka noho whāiti ki tētahi nōhanga kotahi, ki tētahi rohe kotahi rānei o Aotearoa. Ko ētahi o ngā pēpepe e mōhio nuitia ana, kei tēnei rōpū, tae atu ki a Ichneutica mutans (ko Graphania mutans tōna ingoa pūtaiao i mua). E kīia ana ōna torongū e ētahi he riha mātāmuri i ngā māra huarākau. Ko tētahi o ngā momo hou āhua korokē nei e tautuhia ana i konei, ko Ichneutica subcyprea. Kai ai āna torongū i ngā ‘huruwhenua tokomanga’ (Tmesipteris), ka mutu koia anake te noctuid o Aotearoa he huruwhenua anake tāna kai. He maha ngā momo kua noho mōriroriro ki ngā moutere o waho (ko Ichneutica erebia ki Maunga Huka me Motu Ihupuku, ko I. pagaia ki Tini Heke, ko I. rufistriga ki Motu Mahue, ā, ko I. bromias, ko I. seducta me I. thalassarche kei Wharekauri). Arā ētahi momo kua tino paheke i ngā pānga a te tangata ki te taiao. Ko te mea mōrearea katoa pea, ko Ichneutica stulta. I kitea ruaruatia e Alfred Philpott rāua ko Robert Gibb i Murihiku i te wāhanga tuatahi o te rautau 20, engari kua 100 tau e huna ana i te tirohanga kanohi; māna, kua korehāhā kē pea.