Landcare Research - Manaaki Whenua

Landcare-Research -Manaaki Whenua

Successful Weed Biocontrol Projects in South Africa

Complete control

  Weed Damaging Agent
Aquatics Azolla filiculoides (red water fern) Stenopelmus rufinasus (frond feeder)
Salvinia molesta (salvinia) Cyrtobagous salviniae (stem borer)
Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) Neohydronomus affinis (leaf and stem borer)
Cacti Cylindropuntia fulgida var. fulgida (chain-fruit cholla) Dactylopius tomentosus (cladode sucker)
Cylindropuntia leptocaulis (pencil cactus) Dactylopius tomentosus (cladode sucker)
Cereus jamacaru/C. hildmannianus (queen of the night) Hypogeococcus pungens (stem sucker), Nealcidion cereicola (stem borer)
Harrisia martinii (harrisia/moon cactus) Hypogeococcus pungens (stem sucker), Nealcidion cereicola (stem borer)
Opuntia monocantha (smooth/drooping prickly pear) Cactoblastis cactorum (cladode borer), Dactylopius opuntiae (cladode sucker)
Trees Sesbania punicea (red sesbania) Neodiplogrammus quadrivittatus (stem borer), Rhyssomatus marginatus (seed feeder), Trichapion lativentre (flowerbud feeder)
Other Ageratina riparia (mist flower) Entyloma ageratina (leaf pathogen)
Hypericum perforatum (St John’s wort) Chrysolina quadrigemina (leaf feeder), Zeuxidiplosis giardi (shoot-tip galler)

 

Substantial Control

  Weed Damaging Agent
Aquatics Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) Cercospora rodmanii (leaf pathogen), Eccritotarsus catarinensis (leaf sucker), Neochetina bruchi and N. eichhorniae (stem borers), Niphograpta albiguttalis (petiole borer), Orthogalumna terebrantis (leaf miner)
Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot’s feather) Lysanthia sp. (leaf feeder)
Cacti Cylindropuntia fulgida var. mamillata (boxing- glove cactus) Dactylopius tomentosus (cladode sucker)
Cylindropuntia imbricata (imbricate prickly pear) Dactylopius tomentosus (cladode sucker)
Harrisia bonplandii Hypogeococcus pungens (stem sucker)
Opuntia aurantiaca (jointed cactus) Cactoblastis cactorum (cladode borer), Dactylopius austrinus (cladode sucker)
Opuntia engelmannii (small round-leaved prickly pear) Cactoblastis cactorum (cladode borer), Dactylopius opuntiae (cladode sucker)
Opuntia ficus-indica (mission prickly pear) Cactoblastis cactorum (cladode borer), Dactylopius opuntiae (cladode sucker), Metamasius spinolae (stem borer)
Opuntia salmiana Cactoblastis cactorum (cladode borer), Dactylopius ceylonicus (cladode sucker)
Opuntia stricta (Australian pest pear) Cactoblastis cactorum (cladode borer)
Trees Acacia cyclops (red eye/rooikrans) Dasineura dielsi (flower galler), Melanterius servulus (seed feeder)
Acacia longifolia (long-leaved wattle) Melanterius ventralis (seed feeder), Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae (bud galler), Melanterius acaciae (seed feeder)
Acacia melanoxylon (Australian blackwood) Melanterius maculatus (seed feeder), Trichilogaster signiventris (bud galler)
Acacia pycnantha (golden wattle) Melanterius compactus (seed feeder)
Acacia saligna (Port Jackson willow) Uromycladium tepperianum (gall former)
Paraserianthes lophantha (stink bean) Melanterius servulus (seed feeder)
Other Hakea sericea (silky hakea) Carposina autologa (seed feeder), Erytenna consputa (green-seed feeder)
Lantana camara (lantana) some varieties only Aceria lantanae (flower galler), Calcomyza lantanae (leaf miner), Falconia intermedia (leaf sucker), Octotoma scabripennis (leaf miner), Ophiomyia camarae (leaf miner), Ophiomyia lantanae (seed miner), Teleonemia scrupulosa (leaf sucker), Uroplata girardi (leaf miner)
Solanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf nightshade) Leptinotarsa defecta (leaf feeder), L. texana (leaf feeder)
Solanum sysimbriifolium (wild tomato/dense- thorned bitter apple) Gratiana spadicea (leaf feeder)