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Guide to New Zealand's freshwater invertebrates
Fingernail clams
(
Sphaeriidae
: Sphaeriidae
)
Diagnostic features
Sphaeriids are tiny bivalves shaped a bit like miniature cockles. Their shells are often pale, but larger individuals may become brown as growths of biofilms or inorganic crusts form on the outer surfaces. They can be easily missed in field stream studies as they tend to be burried in fine sediment, and their small size and lack of movement might make them look like small stones.
Typical habitats
Sphaeriids are most common in the sandy or muddy sediments of lakes, slow-flowing streams, seepages and swampy habitats.
Feeding
They are filter feeders, extracting fine particles of organic matter (including plankton) from the water.
Indicator value
Sphaeriids can be abundant in pristine and degraded waters. We know little about their ability to tolerate specific types of pollution. They have been assigned low tolerance values of 3 (hard bottom sites) and 2.9 (soft bottom sites).
