List of species included in this guide
Mayflies | |||
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| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Burrowing mayfly | Ephemeridae: Ichthybotus |
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| Double gill mayfly | Leptophlebiidae: Arachnocolus |
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| Double gill mayfly | Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebioides |
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| Double gill mayfly | Leptophlebiidae: Aupouriella |
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| Double gill mayfly | Leptophlebiidae: Austroclima |
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| Double gill mayfly | Leptophlebiidae: Austronella |
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| Double gill mayfly | Leptophlebiidae: Mauiulus |
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| Double gill mayfly | Leptophlebiidae: Neozephlebia |
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| Double gill mayfly | Leptophlebiidae: Tepakia |
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| Double gill mayfly | Leptophlebiidae: Zephlebia |
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| Fringe gilled mayfly | Leptophlebiidae: Isothraulus |
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| Orange mayfly | Leptophlebiidae: Acanthophlebia |
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| Single gill mayfly | Leptophlebiidae: Deleatidium |
 Single, leaf-like gills |
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| Spiny gilled mayfly | Coloburiscidae: Coloburiscus |
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| Swimming mayfly | Ameletopsidae: Ameletopsis |
 Fringed caudal filaments |
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| Swimming mayfly | Nesameletidae: Nesameletus |
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| Swimming mayfly | Oniscigastridae: Oniscigaster |
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| Swimming mayfly | Rallidentidae: Rallidens |
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| Swimming mayfly | Siphlaenigmatidae: Siphlaenigma |
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Stoneflies | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Green stonefly | Eustheniidae: Stenoperla |
 Abdominal gills |
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| Stonefly | Austroperlidae: Austroperla |
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| Stonefly | Gripopterygidae: Acroperla |
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| Stonefly | Gripopterygidae: Holcoperla |
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| Stonefly | Gripopterygidae: Megaleptoperla |
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| Stonefly | Gripopterygidae: Nesoperla |
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| Stonefly | Gripopterygidae: Taraperla |
 Lobes on thoracic segments |
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| Stonefly | Gripopterygidae: Zelandobius |
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| Stonefly | Gripopterygidae: Zelandoperla |
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| Stonefly | Notonemouridae: Cristaperla |
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| Stonefly | Notonemouridae: Halticoperla |
 Hind leg broader than fore leg |
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| Stonefly | Notonemouridae: Spaniocerca |
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| Stonefly | Notonemouridae: Spaniocercoides |
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Cased caddisflies | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Axehead caddis | Hydroptilidae: Oxyethira |
 Larva |
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| Cased caddis | Helicophidae: Alloecentrella |
 Moss/liverwort covered case |
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| Cased caddis | Oeconesidae: Pseudoeconesus |
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| Cased caddis | Oeconesidae: Zelandopsyche |
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| Cased caddisfly | Leptoceridae: Hudsonema |
 Hudsonema alienum |
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| Kokiria caddisfly | Hydroptilidae: Kokiriidae |
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| Purse caddis | Hydroptilidae: Paroxyethira |
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| Sandy cased caddis | Conoesucidae: Pycnocentria |
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| Sandy cased caddis | Helicophidae: Pycnocentrella |
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| Sandy cased caddis | Helicophidae: Zelolessica |
 Posterior of case angled |
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| Sandy cased caddis | Leptoceridae: Oecetis |
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| Smooth cased caddis | Conoesucidae: Beraeoptera |
 Aperture of case oblique |
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| Smooth cased caddis | Conoesucidae: Confluens |
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| Smooth cased caddis | Conoesucidae: Olinga |
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| Spiral cased caddis | Helicopsychidae: Helicopsyche |
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| Spiral cased caddis | Helicopsychidae: Rakiura |
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| Stick caddis | Leptoceridae: Triplectides |
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| Stick caddis | Leptoceridae: Triplectidina |
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| Stony cased caddis | Conoesucidae: Pycnocentrodes |
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| Stony cased caddis | Oeconesidae: Oeconesus |
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| Stony cased caddis | Philorheithridae: Philorheithrus |
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Uncased caddisflies | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Free-living caddis | Ecnomidae: Ecnomina |
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| Free-living caddis | Ecnomidae: Zelandoptila |
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| Free-living caddis | Hydrobiosidae: Costachorema |
 Extensive pigmentation on the head |
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| Free-living caddis | Hydrobiosidae: Edpercivalia |
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| Free-living caddis | Hydrobiosidae: Hydrobiosis |
 Hydrobiosis centralis |
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| Free-living caddis | Hydrobiosidae: Hydrochorema |
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| Free-living caddis | Hydrobiosidae: Neurochorema |
 Pale spots on Neurochorema confusum |
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| Free-living caddis | Hydrobiosidae: Psilochorema |
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| Free-living caddis | Hydrobiosidae: Tiphobiosis |
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| Free-living caddis | Philopotamidae: Hydrobiosella |
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| Free-living caddis | Polycentropodidae: Plectrocnemia |
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| Free-living caddis | Polycentropodidae: Polyplectropus |
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| Net-building caddis | Hydropsychidae: Aoteapsyche |
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| Net-building caddis | Hydropsychidae: Diplectrona |
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| Net-building caddis | Hydropsychidae: Orthopsyche |
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Damselflies and dragonflies | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Baron dragonfly | Aeshnidae: Hemianax |
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| Blue damselfly | Lestidae: Austrolestes |
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| Blue-spotted hawker | Aeshnidae: Aeshna |
 Abdominal spines |
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| Bush dragonfly | Petaluridae: Uropetala |
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| Dragonfly | Corduliidae: Antipodochlora |
 Abdominal spines |
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| Dragonfly | Corduliidae: Hemicordulia |
 Abdomen appears shortened, not tapered |
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| Dragonfly | Corduliidae: Procordulia |
 Abdomen more tapered than in Hemicordulia |
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| Dragonfly | Libellulidae: Tramea |
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| Red damselfly | Coenagrionidae: Xanthocnemis |
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| Small damselfly | Coenagrionidae: Ischnura |
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| Wandering percher | Libellulidae: Diplacodes |
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Bugs | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Back swimmer | Notonectidae: Anisops |
 Long, oar-like hind legs |
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| Shore bug | Saldidae: Saldula |
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| Water boatman | Corixidae: Diaprepocoris |
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| Water boatman | Corixidae: Sigara |
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| Water measurer | Hydrometridae: Hydrometra |
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| Water strider | Veliidae: Microvelia |
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| Water treader | Mesoveliidae: Mesovelia |
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Adult beetles | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Alligator weed flea beetle | Chrysomelidae: Agasciles |
 Adult |
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| Diving beetle | Dytiscidae: Antiporus |
 Adult with long 4th segment for fore tarsus |
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| Diving beetle | Dytiscidae: Hyphydrus |
 Adult with short 4th segment of fore tarsus |
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| Diving beetle | Dytiscidae: Lancetes |
 Adult with strong yellow and black striping |
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| Diving beetle | Dytiscidae: Liodessus |
 Adult has a groove in the wing cover and thorax |
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| Diving beetle | Dytiscidae: Onychohydrus |
 Adult with scutellum visible |
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| Diving beetle | Dytiscidae: Rhantus |
 Adult |
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| Moss beetles | Hydraenidae: Hydraenidae |
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| Riffle beetles | Elmidae: Elmidae |
 Adult antenna lacks a terminal club |
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| Rove beetles | Staphylinidae: Staphylinidae |
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| Water scavenger beetle | Hydrophilidae: Berosus |
 Adult |
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| Water scavenger beetle | Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilid |
 Adult with 3 enlarged antennal segments |
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| Water scavenger beetle | Hydrophilidae: Laccobius |
 Adult |
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| Water scavenger beetle | Hydrophilidae: Limnoxenus |
 Adult with long swimming hairs |
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| Whirlygig beetle | Gyrinidae: Gyrinus |
 Adult eyes divided into upper and lower halves |
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Larval beetles | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Alligator weed flea beetle | Chrysomelidae: Agasciles |
 Larva |
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| Diving beetle | Dytiscidae: Antiporus |
 Larva with barbs on spoon-like “nose” |
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| Diving beetle | Dytiscidae: Hyphydrus |
 Larva with spoon-like “nose” lacking side barbs |
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| Diving beetle | Dytiscidae: Liodessus |
 Larva has a conical nose with rounded tip |
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| Diving beetle | Dytiscidae: Onychohydrus |
 Larva with teeth along the front of the head |
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| Diving beetle | Dytiscidae: Rhantus |
 Larval cerci about as long as the last abdominal segment |
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| Marsh beetles | Scirtidae: Scirtidae |
 Larva with long, multi-segment antennae |
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| Riffle beetles | Elmidae: Elmidae |
 Larva with retractile hooks and gills |
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| Toe-winged beetles | Ptilodactylidae: Ptilodactylidae |
 Larva with flat upper surface of the 9th abdominal segment |
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| Water scavenger beetle | Hydrophilidae: Berosus |
 Larva with abdominal gills |
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| Water scavenger beetle | Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilid |
 Larval head often tipped backwards |
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| Whirlygig beetle | Gyrinidae: Gyrinus |
 Larva with abdominal gills |
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Lacewings | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Lacewing | Osmylidae: Kempynus |
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| Sponge-eating lacewing | Sisyridae: Sisyra |
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Springtails | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Springtails | Collembola: Collembola |
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Other legged insects | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Aquatic caterpillar | Crambidae: Hygraula |
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| Dobsonfly | Corydalidae: Archichauliodes |
 Tentacle-like abdominal gills |
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| Scorpionfly | Nannochoristidae: Nannochorista |
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Craneflies | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Cranefly | Tipulidae: Aphrophila |
 Larva with creeping welts and scars |
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| Cranefly | Tipulidae: Eriopterini |
 Swollen tail segment |
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| Cranefly | Tipulidae: Hexatomini |
 Spiracular disc |
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| Cranefly | Tipulidae: Limonia |
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| Cranefly | Tipulidae: Molophilus |
 Larva and pupa |
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| Cranefly | Tipulidae: Paralimnophila |
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| Cranefly | Tipulidae: Zelandotipula |
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Midges | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Biting midge | Ceratopogonidae: Ceratopogonidae |
 Larvae (heads to the right) |
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| Biting midge | Ceratopogonidae: Forcipomyiinae |
 Prominent setae along abdomen |
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| Chironomid midge | Chironomidae: Chironomus |
 Ventral “blood gills” |
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| Chironomid midge | Chironomidae: Corynoneura |
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| Chironomid midge | Chironomidae: Eukiefferiella |
 Eukiefferiella attached to Nesameletus mayfly |
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| Chironomid midge | Chironomidae: Harrisius |
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| Chironomid midge | Chironomidae: Lobodiamesa |
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| Chironomid midge | Chironomidae: Maoridiamesa |
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| Chironomid midge | Chironomidae: Orthoclad |
 Orthoclad midge emerging from silt tube |
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| Chironomid midge | Chironomidae: Paucispinigera |
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| Chironomid midge | Chironomidae: Podonominae |
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| Chironomid midge | Chironomidae: Polypedilum |
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| Chironomid midge | Chironomidae: Stictocladius |
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| Chironomid midge | Chironomidae: Tanypodinae |
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| Chironomid midge | Chironomidae: Tanytarsini |
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| Dixid midge | Dixidae: Nothodixa |
 Flat, hair-fringed lobes |
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| Dixid midge | Dixidae: Paradixa |
 Larva (with parasitic mites) |
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| Net wing midge | Blephariceridae: Blephariceridae |
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| Solitary midges | Thaumaleidae: Thaumaleidae |
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Other true flies | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Dance fly | Empididae: Empididae |
 Larva with 7 pairs of abdominal prolegs |
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| Horse flies | Tabanidae: Tabanidae |
 Rings of pseudopods |
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| House fly | Muscidae: Muscidae |
 Pale larva and yellow pupa |
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| Long legged flies | Dolichopodidae: Dolichopodidae |
 Retracted head |
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| Marsh flies | Sciomyzidae: Sciomyzidae |
 Larva with spiracular disc |
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| Mosquito | Culicidae: Coquillettidia |
 Plant-piercing siphon |
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| Mosquito | Culicidae: Culicidae |
 Larva with breathing siphon and wide thorax |
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| Moth fly | Psychodidae: Psychodidae |
 Larva with respiratory siphon and many sclerotised plates |
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| Pelecorhynchid flies | Pelecorhynchidae: Pelecorhynchidae |
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| Primitive cranefly | Tanyderidae: Mischoderus |
 Late instar larva with tail filaments |
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| Rat tail maggots | Syrphidae: Syrphidae |
 Larva |
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| Sandfly or black fly | Simuliidae: Austrosimulium |
 Bulbous abdomen |
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| Shore flies | Ephydridae: Ephydridae |
 Larva with paired respiratory siphons |
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| Soldier fly | Stratiomyidae: Stratiomyidae |
 Non retractile head |
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| Wood gnat | Anisopodidae: Anisopodidae |
 Non-retractile head |
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Spiders and mites | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Mites. Guide to New Zealand's freshwater invertebrates | Acari: Mites |
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| Water spiders | Pisauridae: Dolomedes |
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Amphipods | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Amphipods | Corophiidae: Corophium |
 Enlarged 2nd antennae |
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| Amphipods | Corophiidae: Paracorophium |
 Enlarged 2nd antennae |
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| Amphipods | Melitidae: Melita |
 Long 1st antennae |
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| Amphipods | Paracalliopiidae: Paracalliope |
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| Amphipods | Paracrangonyctidae: Paracrangonyx |
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| Amphipods | Paraleptamphopidae: Paraleptamphopus |
 Long 1st antennae |
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| Amphipods | Phreatogammaridae: Phreatogammarus |
 Bean-shaped eye |
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| Amphipods | Talitridae: Talitridae |
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Copepods | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Copepods | Calanoida: Calanoida |
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| Copepods | Cyclopoida: Cyclopoids |
 Antennae about half the length of the body |
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Isopods | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Estuarine isopods | Idoteidae: Austridotea |
 Austridotea annectens |
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| Estuarine isopods | Paranthuridae: Paranthura |
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| Estuarine isopods | Sphaeromatidae: Sphaeromatidae |
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| Groundwater isopods | Paranthuridae: Cruregens |
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| Groundwater isopods | Phreatoicidae: Phreatoicidae |
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| Semi-aquatic isopod | Styloniscidae: Styloniscus |
 Styloniscus and eggs collected from a swimming pool |
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Crabs | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Estuarine mud crabs | Varunidae: Helice |
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| Freshwater crabs | Hymenosomatidae: Amarinus |
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Crayfish | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Crayfish or koura | Parastacidae: Paranephrops |
 Paranephrops planifrons (North Island) |
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Shrimps | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Freshwater shrimp | Atyidae: Paratya |
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| Mysid shrimps | Mysidae: Tenagomysis |
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Other crustaceans | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Seed shrimps | Ostracoda: Ostracoda |
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| Tadpole shrimps | Triopsidae: Lepidurus |
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| Tanaids | Tanaidaceae: Sinelobus |
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| Water fleas | Cladocera: Cladocera |
 Carapace |
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Bivalves | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Fingernail clams | Sphaeriidae: Sphaeriidae |
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| Mussel | Hyriidae: Echyridella |
 Echyridella juvenile |
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Limpets | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Limpets | Planorbidae: Ferrissia |
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| Luminescent limpet | Latiidae: Latia |
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Snails | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Apple snails | Ampullariidae: Ampullariidae |
 Spire |
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| Mud snail | Tateidae: Potamopyrgus |
 Potamopyrgus antipodarum |
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| Snail | Lymnaeidae: Austropeplea |
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| Snail | Lymnaeidae: Lymnaea |
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| Snail | Lymnaeidae: Pseudosuccinea |
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| Snail | Melanopsidae: Zemelanopsis |
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| Snail | Physidae: Physa |
 Finger-like extensions from mantle |
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| Snail | Planorbidae: Glyptophysa |
 Nodules and shouldering on whorls |
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| Snail | Planorbidae: Gyraulus |
 Gyraulus corinna |
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| Snail | Planorbidae: Planorbarius |
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| Snail | Planorbidae: Planorbella |
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| Snail | Tateidae: Halopyrgus |
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| Snail | Tateidae: Leptopyrgus |
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| Trumpet snail | Thiaridae: Melanoides |
 Melanoides from the tropical aquarium trade |
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Segmented worms | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Estuarine paddleworms | Nereidae: Nereidae |
 Parapodia |
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| Freshwater paddleworms | Nereidae: Namanereis |
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| Leeches | Glossiphoniidae: Glossiphoniidae |
 Alboglossiphonia (native) |
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| Leeches | Hirudinidae: Richardsonianus |
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| Leeches | Salifidae: Barbronia |
 Suction disc |
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| Oligochaete worms | Oligochaeta: Branchiura |
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| Oligochaete worms | Oligochaeta: Eiseniella |
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| Oligochaete worms | Oligochaeta: Oligochaetes |
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Unsegmented worms | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Flatworms | Dugesiidae: Cura |
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| Flatworms | Dugesiidae: Neppia |
 The highly flexible body of Neppia |
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| Horse hair worms | Nematomorpha: Nematomorpha |
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| Nematode worms | Nematoda: Nematodes |
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| Proboscis worms | Nemertea: Nemertea |
 Proboscis |
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| Rhabdocoels | Dalyellidae: Dalyellidae |
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| Rhabdocoels | Temnohaswellia: Temnocephalidae |
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Hydroids and Bryozoa | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Hydroids | Hydridae: Hydra and Chlorohydra |
 Hydra |
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| Hydroids | Oceanidae: Cordylophora |
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| Moss animals | Bryozoa: Bryozoa |
 Live specimen showing tentacles |
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Sponges | |||
| Common name | Taxonomic group | ||
| Sponges | Sponges: Sponges |
 Sponge on Potamopyrgus snail |
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